This talk considers the challenges associated with modelling the human musculoskeletal system and how some of these have been overcome through research conducted at the University of Edinburgh. The talk will particularly focus on characterising bone material properties: inhomogeneity, anisotropy, inelasticity and time dependent behaviour. It will also discuss the micro-architectural characteristics of bone and how these can be related to its mechanical properties. The talk will also discuss how clinical questions related to optimising joint replacement and fracture fixation via implants can be successfully addressed through modelling.